Tuesday, November 3, 2015

The Modern Day Gulag-North Korean Concentration Camps

The Modern Day Gulag-North Korean Concentration Camps
Josh Roselli and Alex Friedman


On the topic of human rights, North Korea has been long cast in the shadows by the global community due to concerns over national security. In the modern age, world leaders and Western civilization primarily concern themselves over the potential imminent nuclear threat that North Korea creates, as its brutally totalitarian ruler, Kim Jong Un, continues his publicized critique on Western nations, specifically the United States. Human rights violations, crimes against humanity that spawned early in the 1900’s and to this day vigorously continue, are not illustrated or argued. North Korea contains numerous concentration camps, camps filled by people in the lowest tier in their created “caste” system. These prisoners, who are usually family members of those who have “opposed the government”, are forced into a brutal labor system, where death is considered as a release from the starvation, harsh living conditions, and endless beatings that these people encounter day by day.

A global estimation of the total amount of North Korean civilians that actually call these camps “home” range from 90,000 to 120,000 people, with upwards of 400,000 people since the camps’ foundation losing their lives to starvation, torture, and execution. The purpose of these camps is to “enforce obedience and suppress crime by threatening not just the life of the dissenter, but also the lives of his loved ones.” As stated before, these “dissenters” are those who have either shown opposition to the Kim family’s rule, or who are related to Korean civilians who have defected to the South, or north to China. Usually, these camps are a life sentence; either you escape through execution, or hunger and disease will eliminate you first. Those who are born in the camps are given a preliminary education, which consists of basic arithmetic, reading, and writing, and then are placed in different aspects of manual labor as they grow older. In most cases, sex is harshly punished, and the impregnation of a women can lead to either immediate execution, or the birth of the child only to be executed in front of the parents. For example, a camp survivor (who remains unnamed due to security concerns) states that he heard of an execution where, “With shaking hands, the mother was forced to pick up her newborn and put the baby face down in water until the cries stopped and a water bubble formed from the newborn's mouth.” The brutal conditions in these camps draw clear comparisons to Nazi concentration camps, even a method of mass execution similar to Holocaust gas chambers has been reported, but not confirmed. The North Korean government vehemently denies the existence of these camps, yet they have been clearly documented though satellite photography.

As the global community looks to world powers, such as the United States, to place sanctions on North Korea that would abolish these camps, or at least thrust them into the spotlight of the media, significant obstacles present themselves that directly tie into the work we have studied in this course. A huge aspect of the global human rights community that we focus on in class is the United Nations, as these camps clearly violate almost every aspect of the UDHR, ICCPR, and ICESCR. North Korea has never ratified any of these covenants, but the topic of their human rights violations been frequently brought to the table. These prisoners are placed in impossible living conditions, denied the right to live, never given ample means of nutrition, and are forced into a modern day scenario of enslaved, forced, labor. The biggest obstacle to abolition of these camps, outside of the Korean nuclear threat if the West becomes too involved in the inner workings of their nation, is that two members of the UN Security Council, Russia and China, are allies of North Korea, and will readily veto any movement by the Council to bring North Korea in front of the ICC for fear of lost economic relation, and potential nuclear threat.

Questions for Discussion:
-        Given the current situation in relation to escalated United States relations with North Korea, how can we as a nation best combat these grotesque violations of human rights while avoiding war and ensuring the safety of our nation?
-        Will military involvement be the only true solution to the abolition of these camps? If so, why, and if not, how can the global community combat these camps in an effective way that does not involve a declaration of war? 
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